Module 18 · AdminSDHolder & SDProp Persistence

Manish Garg
Manish Garg Associate of (ISC)² · RingSafe
May 13, 2026
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Why this module exists. AdminSDHolder is a special object in Active Directory whose ACL is propagated by the SDProp process every 60 minutes onto every protected group’s members — Domain Admins, Enterprise Admins, Schema Admins, and others. Add a backdoor ACE to AdminSDHolder once and it gets pasted back onto privileged users automatically, defeating manual cleanup. This module shows you how the persistence works, how attackers operationalise it, and how defenders detect and roll it back.

Why this module exists. AdminSDHolder is one of the cleanest persistence primitives in AD because it abuses a feature, not a bug. Microsoft built SDProp to protect privileged accounts from accidental ACL drift. Attackers turned that protection into a self-healing backdoor. If you have ever seen an environment where the IR team cleaned up the Domain Admins ACL, came back the next morning, and the backdoor was back — you have seen SDProp doing the attacker’s work.

What AdminSDHolder actually is

AdminSDHolder lives in CN=AdminSDHolder,CN=System,DC=corp,DC=local. It is not a user, group, or container in the normal sense — it is an ACL template. Every 60 minutes (configurable via AdminSDProtectFrequency), the SDProp thread on the PDC Emulator walks the protected-group list, finds every direct and transitive member, and overwrites their nTSecurityDescriptor with a copy of AdminSDHolder’s ACL. The adminCount attribute on each member is set to 1 as a marker that they are under SDProp’s control.

The protected-group list is hard-coded into the OS:

  • Domain Admins, Enterprise Admins, Schema Admins
  • Administrators (the built-in group), Backup Operators, Server Operators, Account Operators, Print Operators
  • Domain Controllers, Read-only Domain Controllers
  • Replicator, Cert Publishers (in some versions)
  • krbtgt and the built-in Administrator
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