Last updated: April 29, 2026
At scale — hundreds of services, dozens of teams, multiple regions — consistent API security depends on infrastructure, not per-service discipline. API gateways and service meshes provide that infrastructure: centralized auth, traffic management, observability, and policy enforcement. This module covers the major API gateway products in 2026, service mesh patterns, and zero-trust architecture for APIs.
What an API gateway provides
- Single entry point for clients — clients hit gateway, not backends directly
- AuthN / AuthZ enforcement centralised — JWT validation, OAuth introspection, API key check
- Rate limiting + quota — per-consumer policies in one place
- Request/response transformation — header injection, body shape changes
- Observability — every request logged, metric’d, traced
- Routing — path-based, header-based to specific backend services
- Caching — at the edge for read-heavy endpoints
- Circuit breaking — failing backends isolated from cascading failure
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