Why this module exists. The most-common reason cyber cases collapse in Indian courts is not investigation failure — it is evidence inadmissibility for want of a proper Section 65B certificate. This module covers what the section requires, what the Supreme Court has said in landmark judgments, and how to prepare evidence so it survives challenge.
What Section 65B actually says
Section 65B of the Evidence Act states: an electronic record is admissible in evidence without further proof if accompanied by a certificate identifying:
- The electronic record produced from the computer.
- The manner in which the record was produced.
- The particulars of the device that produced it.
- That the conditions for admissibility are satisfied (regular use, regular operation, proper functioning during the material time).
The certificate must be signed by a person occupying a responsible official position in relation to the operation of the relevant device, or the management of the relevant activities.
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