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Last updated: May 1, 2026
Introspection, depth/complexity attacks, aliasing brute force, mutation safety, persisted queries, subscriptions.
GraphQL is a query language and runtime that lets clients fetch exactly the data they need from a single endpoint. Powerful — and the things that make it powerful (introspection, query flexibility, batching, nested resolvers) also create distinct security challenges that REST testers miss. This module covers GraphQL-specific attacks, defenses, and tooling.
GraphQL basics
- Single endpoint (typically
/graphql) - POST request body contains the query in GraphQL query language
- Server response contains exactly the requested fields, no more
- Schema defines available types, queries, mutations, subscriptions
- Resolvers fetch data for each field
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