Module 3 · Infrastructure-as-Code Security

Manish Garg
Manish Garg Associate of (ISC)² · RingSafe
Apr 22, 2026
5 min read
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Last updated: April 29, 2026

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Checkov, Trivy, kube-score. Terraform issue categories, Kubernetes hardening, Dockerfile patterns, Kyverno/OPA policies.

Infrastructure-as-code (IaC) is the definition of your cloud, Kubernetes, or container environment expressed as files. When those files are insecure — public S3 buckets, privileged containers, missing network policies — the infrastructure that gets deployed is insecure too. IaC security is the discipline of catching these misconfigurations before they become production incidents.

The case for scanning IaC

Industry data consistently shows that most cloud breaches are caused by misconfigurations, not zero-days. Public S3 buckets, security groups open to 0.0.0.0/0, Kubernetes pods running as root, unencrypted RDS instances — these are the volume issues. Each one is a single-line fix in the IaC, if caught before merge.

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