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Last updated: April 29, 2026
TLS 1.2/1.3, cipher suites, handshake, certificate validation, HSTS, CT, common misconfigurations, testing with testssl.sh.
TLS (Transport Layer Security) is the protocol that secures nearly every HTTPS, SMTPS, and many other connections. Knowing what version, cipher suites, and configuration to deploy — and how to test them — is essential. This module covers TLS 1.2 / 1.3 in 2026, certificate validation, common misconfigurations, and the testing approach that matters.
TLS versions in 2026
- TLS 1.0, 1.1 — deprecated, removed from major browsers since 2020. Disable in any service config
- TLS 1.2 — still acceptable; widespread support; backward compatibility
- TLS 1.3 — modern default; faster handshake, simpler protocol, fewer footguns. Should be preferred
Mature deployments: TLS 1.2 + 1.3 enabled, all earlier versions disabled.
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