Browser agents are the highest-capability LLM applications shipping in 2026. They can do anything a human can do in a browser. That includes visit attacker-controlled pages and follow malicious instructions. The defences are immature. Most teams should not deploy browser agents to production yet; understanding why is the first step.
How browser agents actually work
The agent receives a screenshot of the browser. Vision model interprets it. Reasoning step decides next action (click, type, scroll, navigate). Action is executed. New screenshot fed back. Loop until task complete. Variants: DOM-based (read HTML directly, less robust to layout but cheaper), accessibility-tree-based (Microsoft research), pure vision (Anthropic computer-use). Capabilities: log into sites with stored credentials, fill multi-step forms, extract structured data, automate workflows. Real value: tedious knowledge work (data entry, research, monitoring competitor pricing).
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