Last updated: April 29, 2026
Authentication: who are you. Authorization: what can you do. Most security education conflates them. Most bugs live in the gap.
An authenticated user is not authorized for everything they ask. Authorization is per-resource, per-action, often per-attribute. IDOR exists because authn is correct but authz is missing.
The mindset: at every endpoint, two questions: “is this caller authenticated?” and “is this caller authorized for this specific action on this specific resource?” If you can’t name both checks for every endpoint, you have IDORs.
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