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Why this module exists. Backup strategy is the foundation of recovery — but most Indian enterprises run backup architectures that are vulnerable to the very threats that necessitate recovery. Ransomware actors specifically target backups. This module covers the 3-2-1 rule, immutable storage, air-gapped backups, and the modern ransomware-resilient backup architecture.
Why this module exists. A backup that fails to restore is worse than no backup — it costs effort to maintain and provides false assurance. This module covers what to back up, how to store it so attackers cannot destroy it, and how to verify it works.
The 3-2-1 rule — the baseline
The classic backup recipe: 3 copies of data, on 2 different media types, with 1 copy off-site. The interpretation in modern cloud-native environments:
- Primary (production data) + 2 backups.
- Two different storage technologies (e.g., disk + object storage; or cloud + on-prem).
- One copy geographically separated from the others — different region, different cloud, different building.
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