Module 3 · Business Impact Analysis — Deriving RTO and RPO

Manish Garg
Manish Garg Associate of (ISC)² · RingSafe
May 14, 2026
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Why this module exists. Business Impact Analysis (BIA) is the foundation of any BCDR programme — without it, every recovery decision is uninformed. This module covers BIA methodology, how to derive RTO and RPO objectives from impact analysis, and the documentation that makes a BCDR programme audit-defensible.

Why this module exists. BIA produces the answer to the most important BCDR question: “what does it cost the business if this system is down?” Without that answer, you cannot prioritise recovery, size investments, or set recovery objectives. This module is the BIA practitioner workflow.

What BIA produces

For each business function and supporting IT system, BIA delivers:

  • RTO (Recovery Time Objective) — maximum acceptable time the function can be unavailable.
  • RPO (Recovery Point Objective) — maximum acceptable data loss measured in time.
  • MTPD (Maximum Tolerable Period of Disruption) — beyond which the business cannot recover at all.
  • Impact assessment — financial, regulatory, reputational, operational, per-hour-of-downtime cost.
  • Dependencies — upstream and downstream systems, third parties, people.
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