Module 9 · Attribution Methodology

Manish Garg
Manish Garg Associate of (ISC)² · RingSafe
Apr 27, 2026
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Last updated: April 29, 2026

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“Who did this?” is often the wrong question. Attribution is hard, slow, and often inconclusive. Defenders mostly need TTP-level intel, not actor identity.

“Who did this?” is often the wrong question. Attribution is hard, slow, and often inconclusive. Defenders mostly need TTP-level intel, not actor identity.

The Diamond Model

Four vertices of an intrusion analysis:

  • Adversary — who
  • Capability — what tools, what TTPs
  • Infrastructure — what domains, IPs, code-signing certs
  • Victim — who/what was targeted

Pivot between vertices: from victim → infrastructure → other victims (= campaign scope).

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