Module 6 · The Pyramid of Pain

Manish Garg
Manish Garg Associate of (ISC)² · RingSafe
Apr 27, 2026
1 min read
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Last updated: April 29, 2026

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Covered briefly in Blue Team Module 6. This is the deeper dive.

Covered briefly in Blue Team Module 6. This is the deeper dive.

The pyramid

  1. Hash values — recompile, hash changes
  2. IPs — rotate infrastructure
  3. Domains — register new
  4. Network/host artefacts — User-Agent, registry keys
  5. Tools — Cobalt Strike, Mimikatz
  6. TTPs — tactics, techniques, procedures

Top of pyramid = harder for attacker to change.

Operational implication

If your detections are 90% IOC-based: attackers rotate trivially.
If 70%+ TTP-based: attackers need to retool — rare and expensive.

How to shift up

  • For each IOC-based rule, ask: what behaviour does this represent? Build a behavioural rule.
  • Use ATT&CK Navigator to plan TTP-coverage
  • Regular purple-team sessions force the shift
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