Module 6 · Encryption Strategy — At Rest, In Transit, In Use
Manish GargAssociate of (ISC)² · RingSafe
May 14, 20263 min read
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Why this module exists. Encryption is the universal control demanded by every regulator and standard, yet the operational distinction between “at rest”, “in transit”, and “in use” is routinely conflated. This module covers each layer, the modern primitives, and the integration patterns that make encryption operationally manageable.
Why this module exists. “We encrypt everything” usually means “we encrypt some things at some layer, with key management we haven’t audited.” This module is the structured framework for an encryption strategy that survives both audit and operational reality.
The three layers
Layer
Protects against
Primitives
At rest
Stolen disk, exfiltrated backup, lost laptop
AES-256 in GCM/XTS
In transit
Network eavesdropping, MitM
TLS 1.3, mTLS for service-to-service
In use
Compromised hypervisor, malicious co-tenant
Confidential computing (Intel TDX, AMD SEV-SNP)
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