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Last updated: April 29, 2026
IoT/OT runs on protocols designed for constrained devices, often without security as primary concern.
IoT/OT runs on protocols designed for constrained devices, often without security as primary concern.
The big four
- MQTT — pub/sub for IoT. Default no auth; if auth, often password in plaintext. TLS optional.
- CoAP — HTTP-like for constrained devices. UDP-based; DTLS optional.
- Modbus — industrial. No auth. No encryption. Designed 1979.
- BACnet — building automation. Limited auth.
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