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Network team thinks in subnets, ACLs, firewalls — Layer 3. App team thinks in HTTP semantics, auth, business logic — Layer 7. Attackers exploit the gap.
Network team thinks in subnets, ACLs, firewalls — Layer 3. App team thinks in HTTP semantics, auth, business logic — Layer 7. Attackers exploit the gap.
Network ACL allows port 443 from 10.0.0.0/8 to web tier. Web tier app trusts client IP from header. Internal subnet of compromised laptop hits web tier with forged X-Forwarded-For. L3 says “allowed.” L7 trusts the header. Bypass complete.
The mindset: defenders need both. Pair network and app teams in threat models.
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