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Every protocol — DHCP, ARP, DNS, BGP, NTP, IP, TCP — was designed for an environment with assumed cooperation. Attackers violate those assumptions.
Every protocol — DHCP, ARP, DNS, BGP, NTP, IP, TCP — was designed for an environment with assumed cooperation. Attackers violate those assumptions.
DHCP: trust whoever responds first. ARP: trust whoever claims an IP. DNS: trust whoever answers a query. BGP: trust whoever announces a route. Each assumption is a poisoning attack vector when the assumption fails.
The mindset: for any protocol you use, ask “what does it assume about participants?” That assumption is the attack surface.
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