ML-KEM is the workhorse PQ algorithm. Every TLS handshake, every IPsec session, every SSH KEX in the post-quantum world will go through this or its successors. Understanding its mechanics — even at a high level — is non-optional for senior security engineers.
What lattice-based crypto is
A lattice is a discrete grid of points in n-dimensional space, generated by linear combinations of basis vectors. The problem: given a “hard basis” (badly-conditioned vectors) describing the same lattice, find a “good basis” (short, nearly-orthogonal vectors). This is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP); it’s NP-hard in worst case and believed hard in average case.
Cryptographic schemes encode the secret as a “good basis” or vector close to a known lattice point. Adversary sees only the “hard” public version and must solve SVP-related problems to recover the secret. Quantum computers don’t break lattice problems known today (no Shor-equivalent for SVP), so lattice crypto is PQ-resistant.
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